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VANCOUVER referencing in a nutshell
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in your textVancouver citations are numbered sequentially with numerals in parentheses or with superscripts.1(p.177) Works can also be cited as Silvia,2(p.59) or you can cite Barrett as your source.3 The same number can be used again for repeat citations.1(p.62)
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at the end of your documentProvide a bibliography listing all the works cited in your text, with full references, in author-title format and numbered as in your text:1. Hickey MA. Get real: reality and mystery. Lanham, MD: University Press of America; 2011.
2. Silvia PJ. Interest: the curious emotion. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2008 Feb;17(1):57-60.
3. Barrett S. Ten ways to avoid being quacked [Internet]. Amherst (NY): Center for Inquiry; 1997 Apr 2 [cited 2026 Aug 1]. Available from: https://quackwatch.org/related/avoid
4. Nakahara T. Making up monsters: set and costume design in horror films. In: Conrich I, editor. Horror zone: the cultural experience of contemporary horror cinema. London: I.B. Tauris; 2010. p. 139-52.The examples above are for a web page, a book, a chapter in a book, and a journal article.
There are many variations of the Vancouver style, especially with the formatting of pages cited in your text, and with punctuation, bold and italic in the blibliography. Citation Studio is based on Citing Medicine.